{"id":18876,"date":"2022-10-13T15:25:40","date_gmt":"2022-10-13T13:25:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/stadtsprachen.de\/en\/?post_type=stsp_text&#038;p=18876"},"modified":"2022-10-14T12:00:48","modified_gmt":"2022-10-14T10:00:48","slug":"british-women-writers-in-early-20th-century-berlin","status":"publish","type":"stsp_text","link":"https:\/\/stadtsprachen.de\/de\/text\/british-women-writers-in-early-20th-century-berlin\/","title":{"rendered":"British Women Writers in Early-20th-Century Berlin"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Keynote: PARATAXE Symposium X: <a href=\"https:\/\/stadtsprachen.de\/de\/event\/berlinglish\/\">Berlinglish<\/a>, 23. September 2021<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Pension Bismarck, 1.30, Saturday, Jan. 31<sup>st<\/sup> \u201925<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Dearest James, I\u2019m in a lowered Stimmung. I\u2019ve promised to go to a Maskenball with Frau Klein tonight. It\u2019s damned expensive, she dances like an elephant, &amp; in any case, the squash &amp; horror will be frightful. And N. Germans are not at their best on such frivolous occasions. They seem to be merely pompously improper. And for those sort of things my German is inadequate. Oh, for a select Bloomsbury party! I think I\u2019ll cut everything. [\u2026]<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Sunday after lunch Feb. 1\u201925<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>No time to write. Dropping with sleep. Danced on end from 10.30-6.0 at the Maskenball over-night. A.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>This account of an all-night dance, written by Alix Strachey, dates from 1925, more than a decade before Christopher Isherwood and his friends ventured to Berlin. My talk today will not revisit the well-trodden path of the Berlin myth, created by this group of gay friends, but rather on women writers, both queer and straight. The Berlin myth has overshadowed them. But it is all the more rewarding to follow in their footsteps. These writers allow us to discover Berlin with a fresh set of eyes, or rather: pens. There is more diversity in terms of gender, if not of class and ethnicity, at play than one would at first think \u2013 and a sense of adventure which, I think, contemporary British writers still share when they write about Berlin, be they long-time residents like Lucy Jones and Ben Fergusson, or slightly more recent voluntary exiles such as Musa Okwonga. But let me return briefly to the 1920s and 30s.<\/p>\n<p>When the First World War ended, Berlin was extremely impoverished, unemployment was very high, and returning soldiers increased the pressure. However, from a British point of view, due to very favourable exchange rates, it was an attractive destination for adventurous young people, not least because amusement, entertainment opportunities increased again rapidly and luxury goods and sufficient food was available for those who could afford them. The British Embassy opened again quite soon after the war, with a reluctant ambassador\u2019s wife reporting on life in austerity Berlin.<\/p>\n<p>Lady Helen D\u2019Abernon, 1921:<\/p>\n<p><em>I spend hours at the window, watching the lumbering conveyances and the unusual pedestrians that pass to and fro. Sometimes the sights are peculiar and intriguing. Last night a woman (as at first sight I took the figure to be) dressed in a light coat and skirt, a large hat and a floating veil, stood ever so long on the opposite side of the street in a dark doorway. At last she was joined by a man. After exchanging a few words they strolled away toward Unter den Linden. Then it was that the flat feet and heavy silhouette made me realize that this was a man dressed like a woman. When the figure advanced into the glare of the lamplight I saw that round the waist of the jacket was strapped a military belt from which hung a scabbard. It was not the first time that from my window I have seen men street-walkers dressed up as women, but never before one with a cavalry belt and sabre superadded.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Only a couple of years later, when Harold Nicolson and Vita Sackville-West came to Berlin in 1928 because he was posted there as deputy ambassador, Berlin had already become virtually unrecognizable in its Weimar Berlin glory of cinemas, bars, The Adlon Hotel, balls, variety shows and glitzy nightlife. Again \u2013 only for those who could afford it of course.<\/p>\n<p>Alix Strachey, whom I quoted at the beginning, is one of the most interesting writers at the time. Why did she come to Berlin? And what were her impressions?<\/p>\n<p>The particular attraction for Alix Strachey was psychoanalysis, then just in the making and an exciting new theory and practice. At first, only her husband <a href=\"https:\/\/modernistarchives.com\/person\/james-strachey\">James<\/a> was to be analysed by Sigmund <a href=\"https:\/\/modernistarchives.com\/person\/sigmund-freud\">Freud<\/a> but after Alix experienced a kind of panic attack at the opera in Vienna, which may have been a recurrence of earlier depressive crises, Alix was also analysed by Freud. After the Strachey\u2019s 18-month stay in Vienna, they were both involved in translating <a href=\"https:\/\/modernistarchives.com\/person\/sigmund-freud\">Freud\u2019s<\/a> work for the rest of their careers, which would later be published as the <a href=\"https:\/\/modernistarchives.com\/work\/the-standard-edition-of-the-complete-psychological-works-of-sigmund-freud\"><em>Standard Edition of the Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud<\/em><\/a> by <a href=\"https:\/\/modernistarchives.com\/business\/the-hogarth-press\">The Hogarth Press<\/a> (1953-1974).<\/p>\n<p>Like a number of other British analysands, Alix then went to Berlin, to be analysed by one of <a href=\"https:\/\/modernistarchives.com\/person\/sigmund-freud\">Freud\u2019s<\/a> most trusted colleagues, <a href=\"https:\/\/modernistarchives.com\/person\/karl-abraham\">Karl Abraham<\/a>, who had set up the Berlin Psychoanalytic Institute and Policlinic in the 1920s. Alix Strachey also translated key writings by <a href=\"https:\/\/modernistarchives.com\/person\/karl-abraham\">Abraham<\/a>, whose premature death in 1925 cut short her residence in Berlin. During her stay in Berlin, she exchanged numerous and very lively and at times funny letters with James, who had returned to London to continue analysing patients, reporting from their house in Gordon Square, and from various Bloomsbury country houses.<\/p>\n<p>Alix Strachey\u2019s letters are a wonderful mixture of psychoanalytical discussions, the joys and terrors of translation, reports of all-night balls, German politics, news of books, concerts, theatre performances and radio concerts, musings on sex and gender, as well as a writer\u2019s insight into Berlin\u2019s caf\u00e9 culture. One of her favourite haunts was the Romanische Caf\u00e9, where German as well as international artists and writers met:<\/p>\n<p><em>Romanisches Caf\u00e9, Sunday 7<sup>th<\/sup> Dec. 1924<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Berlin is seething, so I\u2019m told, with excitement, for today are the elections. Out of the window of the Caf\u00e9 I see processions of lorries, mostly, I fear, Schwarz-Weiss-Roth, covered with flags, &amp; filled with yelling \u00e9ph\u00e8bes \u2013 all hideous \u2013 teeming round &amp; round the Ged\u00e4chtniskirche. Trumpets, etc tooting &amp; the street littered with mud-soaked pamphlets. But most people seem quite apathetic. Two men have just clinked their beer glasses together opposite me: \u201cAlso, prost. Die Demokratische Partei!\u201d That fills me with a sense of solidity &amp; comfort.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>10 years later, the intrepid historian and left-wing journalist Elizabeth Wiskemann reported from Berlin. She wrote very outspoken pieces for what was then called <em>The New Statesman &amp; Nation<\/em>, a left-of-centre weekly journal. Wiskemann understood the threat of National Socialism early on and tried, whenever she returned to Britain, to explain this threat to British politicians. She wasn\u2019t very successful, as appeasement politics continued. But her writing got her into quite grave difficulties with the German Secret Police. Here is her account of how she got out of their prison by sheer wit, never to return to Germany during Hitler\u2019s reign. She was arrested in 1936, in the presence of the <em>Times <\/em>correspondent Norman Ebbutt, with a half-written article for the <em>New States-man <\/em>in full view in her open suitcase.<\/p>\n<p><em>I was driven off to Gestapo headquarters in the Prinz Albrechtstrasse which had long ago acquired an evil reputation. When we arrived the man in charge said to me \u2018I hope you have a strong heart.\u2019 That was a bad moment. I had not slept in the train from Danzig and my mind was full of Nazi tortures of Socialists and others in Danzig and elsewhere. I knew that a British passport might be ignored or forgotten till afterwards. After a brief pause which seemed long to me he added \u2018because I have to take you to the fourth floor and there is no lift.\u2019 \u2026.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>When Wiskemann is confronted with her own article in German and asked whether she has written it, she pretends that she couldn\u2019t know and buys herself time. The next Gestapo officer to arrive, whom she describes as \u201cthe blond beast type\u201d, asks her to admit to the contents of the text. This is how it continued:<\/p>\n<p><em>He then explained to me that in view of imminent events \u2013 he meant the Olympic Games in Berlin \u2013 he was prepared to let me off lightly. If I would sign a statement that I could have written that article he would let me go \u2013 the German was <\/em>h\u00e4tte es schreiben k\u00f6nnen<em>. I was no lawyer, but it seemed to me that to say you could have done something was far from saying that you had. So I signed. \u2026 Then they gave me back my suitcase \u2026 and I walked back to Ebbut\u2019s flat which was not very far. <\/em>(<em>The Europe I Saw<\/em>, 1968)<\/p>\n<p>Wiskemann then leaves Berlin for good but finished the half-written article and had it published in the <em>Scotsman <\/em>shortly afterwards. Wits, skill, the intervention of the British Embassy, the Olympic Games may have all helped to save her, but it was quite a close thing and she never returned to Germany during the Nazi period.<\/p>\n<p>Later, Wiskemann worked for the Secret Service in Switzerland. She wrote books about Eastern Europe and after the war became the first female professor at Edinburgh Uni- versity. Peter Kamber has made her one of the protagonists in his novel <em>Geheime Agen- tin <\/em>(Secret Agent).<\/p>\n<p>There were, of course, writers from the other side of the political spectrum who came to Berlin to admire Hitler and the Nazis. Their accounts make for very uncomfortable reading indeed and it is surprising that the notorious Diana Mitford\u2019s biography <em>A Life of Contrasts <\/em>(she was the wife of the British fascist leader Oswald Mosley) is still in print and was even serialised on BBC radio.<\/p>\n<p>Rather then ending on this lugubrious note, the last word will be given to Vita Sackville-West. She didn\u2019t like Berlin much but in one of her letters to her lover Virginia Woolf, she captures the possibilities and the excitement that Berlin offered young writers and visitors from Britain, the spirit of which seems to have remained in endless reinventions throughout the centuries:<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18877\" src=\"https:\/\/stadtsprachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-10-195829-358x500.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"358\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https:\/\/stadtsprachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-10-195829-358x500.png 358w, https:\/\/stadtsprachen.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/Screenshot-2022-10-10-195829.png 460w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>To return to the present: Berlin still allows writers with a British background to thrive, and today this is not limited only to privileged white, middle and upper-middle-class writers. It is perhaps important to remember that in the period when the Berlin myth was created, there was more than meets the eye in terms of gender identities, writers\u2019 interests, and responses to the city. But enough of history now: over to contemporary Anglophone writers who live in Berlin and what they have made of their dual existence here.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Keynote: PARATAXE Symposium X: Berlinglish, 23. September 2021 Pension Bismarck, 1.30, Saturday, Jan. 31st \u201925 Dearest James, I\u2019m in a lowered Stimmung. I\u2019ve promised to go to a Maskenball with Frau Klein tonight. It\u2019s damned expensive, she dances like an elephant, &amp; in any case, the squash &amp; horror will be frightful. And N. Germans [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":18825,"template":"","categories":[51,12],"class_list":["post-18876","stsp_text","type-stsp_text","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-issue-23","category-non-fiction"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>British Women Writers in Early-20th-Century Berlin - stadtsprachen<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/stadtsprachen.de\/de\/text\/british-women-writers-in-early-20th-century-berlin\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"British Women Writers in Early-20th-Century Berlin - stadtsprachen\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Keynote: PARATAXE Symposium X: Berlinglish, 23. 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